Aereon
Carbon Credits Explained Emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) have been a worldwide concern for several years. Based on models from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and other reported data, GHG emission reductions are needed to limit global warming to less than 2.0 degrees Celsius (preferably less than 1.5°C) compared to pre-industrial levels. The […]
Operators are always looking for ways to improve vapor recovery unit (VRU) performance and to avoid the regulatory requirements of NSPS OOOOa. Using a vapor recovery tower (VRT) along with a VRU, a facility can increase production of natural gas and decrease air emissions. VRTs are tall, vertical separators used to recover flash gas emissions that […]
Heater treaters can be significant sources of “flash gas” from oil and gas production facilities. Flash gas is natural gas that is released from a wellstream when the liquid undergoes a pressure drop or when the liquid’s temperature is increased. In a heater treater, the crude oil/condensate and produced water experience a pressure drop and […]
Volume of gas to be recovered The gas to be recovered can be referred to as the suction gas to the VRU. This includes data on the cyclical flowrate of the suction gas (i.e., minimum, maximum and average flowrate). When possible, this is best determined using direct measurement. Chemical makeup of the gas to be […]
What is a VRU? A VRU, or vapor recovery unit, is a compression system used to collect and compress low volume gas streams for injection into the suction of a larger compressor, a meter run, a local site fuel gas system or directly into a gas gathering line. Mechanical VRUs consist of a driver motor or […]
Process Description To meet pipeline specifications, operators are often required to dehydrate their produced natural gas that is saturated with water vapor. Water vapor in natural gas pipelines can result in the formation of hydrates that can obstruct or plug the pipe. Also, water vapor in a pipeline can cause corrosion due to the presence of carbon […]
Federal and State regulatory rules require oil and gas (O&G) operators to reduce natural gas venting and leaks from their operations. NSPS OOOO has standards for VOC emissions from storage tanks, compressor seals, pneumatic controllers and fugitive leaks (primarily natural gas processing). NSPS OOOOa has standards for VOC emissions from storage tanks, compressor seals, pneumatic controllers, pneumatic […]
For oilfield storage tanks, NSPS OOOO and OOOOa have similar requirements regarding applicability, emission limitations, recordkeeping and reporting requirements. Some exceptions for storage tanks are different applicability dates for the two rules and NSPS OOOOa has additional requirements for closed vent systems (piping) used to control NSPS OOOOa affected facility storage tanks. These rules affect […]
There is a continuing focus by regulators on the tightening of the regulation of vent gas (VOCs, methane) from oil and gas operations. These regulations place a large liability on industry to know the regulations and comply with all of the emission controls, standards, testing, record keeping and reporting requirements. As regulations are incorporated into […]
All over the media there is news about climate change and greenhouse gases (GHGs). Many in the oil and gas industry do not work directly with GHG issues but most realize that this issue will greatly affect their companies. This is a brief summary of GHGs and the oil and gas industry. What are […]